{"id":705,"date":"2015-09-28T18:30:41","date_gmt":"2015-09-28T18:30:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/limbaromana.org\/en\/?p=705"},"modified":"2015-09-28T18:30:41","modified_gmt":"2015-09-28T18:30:41","slug":"the-infinitive-built-prepositionally","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/limbaromana.org\/en\/the-infinitive-built-prepositionally\/","title":{"rendered":"The Infinitive Built Prepositionally"},"content":{"rendered":"

Cristina Corla (Han\u021b)**<\/a><\/p>\n

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1.Introduction<\/strong><\/p>\n

According to today\u2019s grammar, the infinitive, the supine, the gerund and the participle are not viewed as \u201cmoods\u201d any more, but as non-finite forms of the verb. It is also accepted that they reveal mixed features \u2013 characteristics which belong to several word classes. We will examine them one at the time.<\/p>\n

The infinitive has two forms in the Romanian language \u2013 the so-called long infinitive, which was inherited from Latin and which is used as a noun (auzire, m\u00e2ncare, vedere<\/em> etc. – hearing, eating, seeing,<\/em> etc.), and the short infinitive, a late form, which was created on the field of the Romanian language and was built from the free morpheme \u201ca\u201d (\u201cto\u201d – a preposition without meaning), the root of the verb and conjugation morphemes (-a, ea, -e, -i, -\u00ee). Due to the fact that it lost its verbal value, the long infinitive is not of interest for our study. Next, we will examine the features of the short infinitive. The first interesting aspect is the fact that this verbal form has the functional, abstract preposition \u201ca\u201d (\u201cto\u201d) in its structure. In the traditional grammar it is recognised as preposition and, as a result, the structures in which it is combined with other connectors are considered compound prepositions: pentru a, de a, f\u0103r\u0103 a, prin a, la a<\/em> (to<\/em>, without<\/em>, by<\/em>, about<\/em>). There are papers in which \u201ca\u201d (\u201cto\u201d) has different interpretations: \u201cdividing morpheme of prepositional origin\u201d (Constantinescu-Dobridor, 1974:197), preposition with value of modal prefix (Iordan and Robu, 1978:475), mark or morpheme of the infinitive (Bejan, 1995:201). The association between the non-finite form and the preposition is one of the symptoms of placing it in the noun class, although the conversion has not been fully realised. In contrast, the finite forms of the verbs cannot be associated with prepositions.<\/p>\n

In today\u2019s grammar, \u201ca\u201d (\u201cto\u201d) is seen as a mark of the infinitive, \u201ca free proclitic morpheme (not blended)\u201d (GBLR, 2010:290). Still of a substantival nature is the capacity of the infinitive to hold syntactic positions that are particular to this class of words: A citi<\/em><\/strong> e important – To read<\/strong><\/em> is important<\/em>. (subject), Dorin\u021ba lui era de a cunoa\u0219te<\/strong> – His desire was to know<\/strong><\/em>. (predicative), Are a spune<\/strong> multe despre aceasta.<\/em> – He has a lot to say<\/strong><\/em> about this<\/em>. (direct object), Se g\u00e2nde\u0219te la a p\u0103stra<\/strong> locuin\u021ba.- He is thinking about<\/strong> keeping<\/strong> the place<\/em>. (prepositional object), A plecat f\u0103r\u0103 a anun\u021ba<\/strong><\/em>. – <\/strong>He left without<\/strong><\/em> saying<\/em><\/strong> a word<\/em>. (adverbial of manner), Lupt\u0103 pentru a ajunge<\/strong> la mal. – He is fighting to get<\/strong> to the shore<\/em>. (adverbial of purpose), A \u00eenceput prin a se prezenta<\/strong>. – He started by introducing<\/strong> himself<\/em>. (instrumental adverbial), etc. We can easily notice that, in most of the previous statements, the infinitival group is connected to the external centre through a preposition. The following morpho-syntactic features are of verbal nature: the grammatical category of time (a merge – to go<\/em>: present infinitive, a fi mers – to have gone<\/em>: perfect infinitive), the association with pronominal clitics (a-\u0219i<\/strong> aminti, a v\u0103<\/strong> spune, a te<\/strong> dep\u0103\u0219i<\/em> – to remember, to tell, to outrun<\/em>), the capacity of having an identical or different subject to the centre-predicate of the statement (\u00cenainte de a sosi la Arad, trenul<\/strong> a oprit \u00een cinci sta\u021bii.- Before getting to Arad, the train<\/strong> stopped in five stations. Pentru a \u00eenvinge ai no\u0219tri<\/strong>, ai t\u0103i<\/strong> trebuie s\u0103 piard\u0103. – In order for ours to win, yours have to lose<\/em>.). Furthermore, this verbal form can be regent for syntactic positions: direct object (Pentru a citi cartea<\/strong>, am depus efort.- To read the book<\/strong>, I made an effort<\/em>.), indirect object (To give presents to three<\/strong> of the children seemed a nice gesture to me<\/em>. – To give presents to three<\/strong> of the children seemed a nice gesture to me<\/em>.), prepositional object (\u00cencepeau a se preg\u0103ti de drum<\/strong>. – They started getting ready for the road<\/strong><\/em>.), adverbials (A sosi duminica<\/strong> aceasta e indicat. – To arrive on Sunday is advisable., F\u0103r\u0103 a se \u00eendrepta spre noi<\/strong>, ne-a salutat. – Without looking at us, he said \u201chello\u201d., A fugi mai repede<\/strong> \u00eenseamn\u0103 a face efort. – Running faster means making an effort<\/em>.). Very rarely, the infinitive has autonomy in communication, materializing as predicate: A nu se arunca<\/em><\/strong> nimic pe fereastr\u0103! – No throwing<\/strong> things out of the window. A nu se face g\u0103l\u0103gie<\/strong> \u00een timpul examenului. – No making<\/strong> noise<\/strong> during the exam.\u00a0 <\/em><\/p>\n

From the previous information, it is revealed that the infinitive is situated at the border between noun and verb, showing characteristics that belong to both classes of words.<\/p>\n

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  1. Types of prepositions that can be associated with the infinitive<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    In the generative grammar it is suggested a taxonomy of the preposition, which is different of the classical one. Viewed as belonging to the major grammatical categories (together with the verb, the noun and the adjective), the class of preposition is characterized by disparity, due to the fact that in its paradigm there are both items with lexical value (prepositions with meaning, capable of setting a thematic role, creators of proper prepositional groups) and elements of functional nature (prepositions that help expressing the idea of case and building the syntactic function of direct object, morpheme prepositions, markers of non-finite forms of the verb). The semi-lexical prepositions are situated among these major subcategories and are requested by the syntactic-semantic matrix of a centre of an external group. Some prepositions are always lexical (for example datorit\u0103, mul\u021bumit\u0103, gra\u021bie –<\/em> through, thanks to, due to<\/em>), others can have a double value (asupra – on, about<\/em>) or even triple value (de, la, a – of, by, at, to<\/em>).<\/p>\n

    The number of prepositions\/prepositional phrases that can be associated with the infinitive is limited to only a few: de, \u00een, pentru, f\u0103r\u0103, la,\u00a0 p\u00e2n\u0103, prin, spre, \u00een afar\u0103 de, \u00een loc de<\/em>, f\u0103r\u0103 de<\/em> – of, by, in, for, without, at, until, through, towards, beside, instead of, without<\/em>.<\/p>\n

    Note<\/strong>: according to recent theories, the following groups of words \u00eenainte de, departe de, aproape de, dincoace de, dincolo de, al\u0103turi de <\/em>(before, away from, close to, beyond, across, alongside<\/em>) do not represent prepositional phrases, but adverbs which dominate prepositional groups (GALR, GBLR). This means that, in a statement like \u00cenainte de a r\u0103s\u0103ri soarele, ap\u0103rur\u0103 c\u00e2teva raze ro\u0219iatice.<\/em> (Before the rising of the sun, a few red rays had appeared<\/em>.), the term \u00eenainte de <\/em>(before<\/em>) represents an adverb that forms an adverbial group, subordinated to the verb ap\u0103rur\u0103<\/em> (had appeared<\/em>), while the infinitive, that fulfils the function of adverbial of time, has the adverb as external centre ([GAdv<\/sub>\u00cenainte <\/em>GPrep<\/sub>[de a r\u0103s\u0103ri<\/em>]] soarele, ap\u0103rur\u0103 c\u00e2teva raze ro\u0219iatice<\/em>. – [AdvG<\/sub>Before<\/em>PrepG<\/sub> [the rising of<\/em>]] the sun, a few red rays had appeared.<\/em>).<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

      \n
    1. 3. <\/em>The prepositional group made up of preposition + an infinitive as dominated term<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Prototypical, the prepositional group is made up of a lexical preposition, followed by a nominal, to which it imposes grammatical constraints \u2013 of case (accusative, genitive, dative), of articulation and thematic role. There are contexts in which the preposition (lexical\/semi-lexical\/functional) directs an infinitive. The structure deserves a detailed analysis \u2013 the problems raised by it are the following: what kind of constraints does the preposition imposes upon the non-finite verb form? What happens to the case government of the preposition if the verb belongs to a non-case class of words? What is the role of the preposition in such structures? Does it always generate a prepositional syntactic group or the construction has a different nature? Does the preposition impose or not a thematic role upon the infinitive (taking into account the fact that this has specific noun features)?<\/p>\n

      The prepositional group is \u201can component of the statement made up of a preposition with a group centre status and another element that depends on it (usually belonging to the level of the preposition.)\u201d (GALR II, 2005:124). The grammatical restrictions that it enforces on the non-finite verb are few.\u00a0 We can talk about restrictions in terms of word order \u2013 the position occupied by the infinitive in relation to the preposition with a group centre status is always the same: Pentru a vedea adev\u0103rul nu ai nevoie de ochelari. <\/em>(To see the truth you do not need glasses.<\/em>), *A vedea pentru adev\u0103rul nu ai nevoie de ochelari <\/em>(*See to the truth you do not need glasses<\/em>.). In Romanian, the preposition does not change its place in questions, as it happens, for example, in English. The questions keep the following word order – preposition + infinitive: Pentru a vedea adev\u0103rul ai nevoie de ochelari?<\/em> (To see the truth you need glasses?<\/em>). Another defining feature of the prepositional group, which is applicable to the analysed situation, is the fact that, in Romanian, the prepositional group forms a syntactic island, protected from different syntactic operations. In other words, this type of prepositional group does not allow the insertion of other terms between the two elements \u2013 the group centre and the dominated term: \u00cencercarea de a bate recordul a e\u0219uat.<\/em> (The attempt to beat the record was not successful.<\/em>), A participat f\u0103r\u0103 a fi fost chemat. <\/em>(He participated without being invited.<\/em>), Pentru a reu\u0219i este nevoie de efort. <\/em>(To succeed you need to make an effort<\/em>.). Through this tight cohesion, the prepositional group with an infinitive as dominated term is totally different from the prepositional structures with a nominal, which allow the insertion of terms between the centre preposition and the dominated term. We will refer to the same sentences: De<\/em><\/strong> mult\u0103 vreme<\/strong> n-a mai c\u0103l\u0103torit. <\/em>(He has not travelled for<\/strong> a long time<\/strong>.<\/em>), Vine f\u0103r\u0103<\/strong> elegantul s\u0103u partener<\/strong>. <\/em>(He is coming without<\/strong> his elegant partner<\/strong>.<\/em>), Pentru<\/em><\/strong> to\u021bi ace\u0219ti juc\u0103tori<\/strong>, victoria este un stimulent.<\/em> (For<\/em><\/strong> all these players<\/strong> victory is an incentive<\/em>.). The preposition can be associated with both the present infinitive and the perfect infinitive: \u00cencercarea de a fi b\u0103tut<\/strong> recordul a e\u0219uat. <\/em>(The attempt to have beaten<\/strong> the record failed.<\/em>), \u00cencercarea de a bate<\/strong> recordul e\u0219ueaz\u0103.<\/em>, (The attempt to beat<\/strong> the record is failing<\/em>.).<\/p>\n

      The problem concerning the case government of the preposition in constructions with the infinitive is, in general, overlooked by the Romanian grammars. There are a few grammarians who talk about obstructing the prepositional government (Dra\u015foveanu, 1997, Neam\u0163u, 2006-2007). On the other hand, some authors claim that when they accompany the infinitive form of the verb, the elements seen traditionally as prepositions are actually conjunctions and, implicitly, the non-finite verb forms act as predicates (Dimitriu, 1969).<\/p>\n

      The thematic role applies only to the nominal: considering the noun features of the non-finite form does the preposition impose such a role in the presence of the infinitive? It is obvious that the meaning of the preposition\/prepositional phrase extends to the group which determines the differentiation of certain syntactic positions: the preposition can show the purpose (Alearg\u0103 pentru a ajunge<\/strong> la destina\u021bie. – He is running<\/em> to get<\/em><\/strong> to<\/em><\/strong> the destination<\/em>.), the lack of something (M\u0103n\u00e2nc\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 a mesteca. – <\/strong>He eats without chewing<\/strong><\/em>), the opposition (\u00cen loc de a citi<\/em><\/strong>, doarme. – Instead of<\/strong><\/em> reading<\/em><\/strong>, he is sleeping<\/em>.), the limit (P\u00e2n\u0103 a cre\u0219te<\/em><\/strong> c\u00e2t tine, mai dureaz\u0103! – To get as tall as<\/strong> you are takes time<\/em>.).<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Types of prepositional groups with the infinitive<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        The classification we want to make has the type of preposition \u2013 group centre \u2013 as criterion. We will therefore distinguish between prepositional groups with a lexical centre, groups with a semi-lexical centre and groups with a functional centre.<\/p>\n

        Most of the analysed structures have as centre a lexical preposition or a prepositional phrase, a fact which is revealed by the meaning imposed on the dominated infinitive by the connector, thus deciding the syntactic function of the group: the preposition pentru <\/em>(for<\/em>) indicates the purpose and together with the non-finite verb makes up an adverbial of purpose (Particip\u0103 la concurs pentru a se impune<\/strong> \u00een fa\u021ba celorlal\u021bi<\/em>. – He is participating in the contest to outrun<\/strong> the others<\/em>.); the preposition f\u0103r\u0103 (without<\/em>) has a negative meaning and it can only dominate an adverbial of manner or an adverbial of concession: F\u0103r\u0103 a lupta<\/em><\/strong>, tot a c\u00e2\u0219tigat. A c\u00e2\u0219tigat f\u0103r\u0103 a lupta<\/strong>.<\/em> (Without a fight<\/em><\/strong>, he still won. He won without a fight<\/strong><\/em>.). More restrictive are the phrases which, due to the powerful semantics, dominate the terms that can fulfil only one syntactic function: \u00een loc de <\/em>(instead of<\/em>) \u2013 oppositional adverbial (\u00cen loc de a citi<\/em>, a hot\u0103r\u00e2t s\u0103 fac\u0103 o plimbare<\/em>. – Instead of reading, he has decided to take a walk<\/em>), \u00een afar\u0103 de<\/em> (besides<\/em>) \u2013 cumulative adverbial (\u00cen afar\u0103 de a juca tenis, mai face \u0219i alte sporturi. – Besides playing tennis, he also practises other sports<\/em>.).<\/p>\n

        Subcategorized prepositional groups (the group centre is represented by a semi-lexical preposition) have mandatory status. They can be subordinated to the verb (Activitatea lui const\u0103<\/strong> \u00een a analiza dosarele candida\u021bilor. – His activity consists <\/strong>of analysing the candidates\u2019 files. Valoarea unui artist rezid\u0103<\/strong> \u00een a crea ceva inedit. – An artist\u2019s value lies<\/strong> in creating something new<\/em>.), to the adjective (Este capabil<\/strong> de a pricepe. – He is capable<\/strong> of understanding. Criteriul este util<\/strong> pentru a face diferen\u021ba dintre categorii. – The criterion is useful<\/strong> to make a difference between categories<\/em>.), to the adverb (\u00cenainte<\/em><\/strong> de a porni aparatul, cite\u0219te instruc\u021biunile! – Before<\/strong> turning on the machine, read the instructions<\/em>.).<\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Sytactic functions held by the infinitive with preposition<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          When it comes to syntactic functions of the infinitive built with a preposition, we notice that generally these are owed to the substantival characteristics of this non-finite form. Thus, the infinitive has the functions of: subject \u2013 only with the morpheme\/functional preposition \u201ca\u201d (to<\/em>) \u2013 A munci<\/em><\/strong> \u00eenseamn\u0103 reu\u0219it\u0103.<\/em> (To work<\/em><\/strong> means success<\/em>.). The linguistic standards do not allow the proper prepositional construction \u2013 E bine de a vedea… <\/em>(It is good to see…<\/em>), <\/em>predicative – \u00cencercarea lui era de a urca<\/strong> pe Everest<\/em>. (His attempt to climb<\/strong> the Everest<\/em>…), verbal attribute – Mi\u0219carea f\u0103r\u0103 a face<\/strong> zgomot a determinat succesul opera\u021biunii.<\/em> (The movement without making<\/strong> any noise has determined the success of the operation<\/em>.), object complement – \u00cel credeau a fi<\/strong> integru<\/em>. (He was thought to be<\/strong> honest<\/em>.), direct object – \u0218tie a analiza textul.<\/em> (only after certain verbs \u2013 He knows to analyse the text<\/em>.), prepositional object – Nu sunte\u021bi capabili de a v\u0103 afirma<\/strong>.<\/em> (You are not capable of imposing<\/strong> yourselves.<\/em>), adverbial of time – Spal\u0103-te pe m\u00e2ini \u00eenainte de a m\u00e2nca<\/strong>.<\/em> (Wash your hand before eating<\/strong><\/em>.), adverbial of manner – Nu pleca f\u0103r\u0103 a spune<\/strong> adev\u0103rul!<\/em> (Don\u2019t leave without telling<\/strong> the truth<\/em>!), instrumental adverbial – Expunerea lui a \u00eenceput prin a preciza<\/strong> limitele experimentului.<\/em> (His presentation started by<\/strong> specifying<\/strong> the limits of the experiment<\/em>.), adverbial of relation – P\u0103rea priceput\u0103 \u00een a<\/strong>-i \u00eencurca<\/strong> pe ceilal\u021bi.<\/em> (She seemed skilled in confusing<\/strong> the others<\/em>.), cumulative adverbial – \u00cen afar\u0103 de a scrie<\/em><\/strong> pove\u0219ti, creeaz\u0103 \u0219i poezii. <\/em>(Besides writing<\/em><\/strong> stories, he also creates poems<\/em>.), oppositional adverbial – Departe de a <\/em><\/strong>o sus\u021bine<\/strong>, ei au comb\u0103tut-o continuu.<\/em> (Far from supporting<\/em><\/strong> her, they were always against her<\/em>.), adverbial of concession – \u00a0Chiar f\u0103r\u0103 a privi<\/strong> spre ei, tot a \u0219tiut c\u0103 este invidiat\u0103<\/em> (Even without looking<\/strong> in their direction, she still knew she was envied<\/em>.).<\/p>\n

           <\/p>\n

            \n
          1. 6. <\/em>Some final reflections<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            In Romanian, the infinitive, which is a non-finite form of the verb, is generally built with a preposition. On the one hand, there is a functional preposition with a grammatical role, which has become a mark-morpheme of the infinitive a <\/em>(to<\/em>); this preposition has a fixed position \u2013 it always comes before the verb and it can establish connections with other prepositions of different nature (lexical, semi-lexical), making up a prepositional group together. Regardless of the type of the group-centre preposition, the infinitive obstructs the case government of the dominating term, due to the fact that the verb is a word class without the grammatical category of the case. In the present study we have distinguished between prepositional groups with a lexical centre and groups dominated by semi-lexical items in order to show the difference in their syntactic behavior. In terms of syntactic functions fulfilled by the infinitive with preposition, we have noticed that they reveal nominal features of this non finite form.<\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            \u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

            REFERENCES: <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

            Bejan, Dumitru, Gramatica limbii rom\u00e2ne. Compendiu, <\/em>Editura Echinox, Cluj-Napoca, 1995.<\/p>\n

            Constantinescu-Dobridor, Gh., Morfologia limbii rom\u00e2ne<\/em>, Editura \u015etiin\u0163ific\u0103, Bucure\u015fti, 1974.<\/p>\n

            Dimitriu, C. Observa\u0163ii \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu infinitivul verbului rom\u00e2nesc<\/em>, \u00een \u201eAnuar de lingvistic\u0103 \u015fi istorie literar\u0103\u201d, tom XX, p. 189-195, 1969.<\/p>\n

            Dra\u015foveanu, D. D., Teze \u015fi antiteze \u00een sintaxa limbii rom\u00e2ne<\/em>, Editura Clusium, Cluj-Napoca, 1997.<\/p>\n

            GALR = Gu\u0163u Romalo, Valeria (coord.), Gramatica limbii rom\u00e2ne<\/em>, vol. I-II, Editura Academiei Rom\u00e2ne, Bucure\u015fti, 2008.<\/p>\n

            GBLR = Pan\u0103 Dindelegan, Gabriela (coord.), Gramatica de baz\u0103 a limbii rom\u00e2ne<\/em>, Editura Univers enciclopedic gold, Bucure\u015fti, 2010.<\/p>\n

            Iordan, Iorgu, Robu, Vladimir, Limba rom\u00e2n\u0103 contemporan\u0103<\/em>, Editura Didactic\u0103 \u015fi Pedagogic\u0103, Bucure\u015fti, 1978.<\/p>\n

            Neam\u0163u, G.G., \u201eO clasificare categorial-rela\u0163ional\u0103 a atributului \u00een limba rom\u00e2n\u0103. Cu adnot\u0103ri\u201d, \u00een Dacoromania<\/em>, p. 111-145, 2006-2007.<\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            [*]<\/a> Paper presented at the International Symposium \u201cResearch an Education in Innovation Era\u201d, \u201cAurel Vlaicu\u201d University of Arad, 5-7th<\/sup> of November 2014.<\/p>\n

            **<\/a> PhD Candidate, \u201dAurel Vlaicu\u201d University of Arad<\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            This paper aims at analyzing the role of the preposition when it is used together with non-finite forms of the verb. We will examine the following aspects: the mixed features…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":72,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[98,30],"tags":[99,100,101,102,103],"class_list":["post-705","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-98","category-linguistics","tag-case","tag-infinitive","tag-preposition","tag-prepositional-group","tag-thematic-role"],"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":98,"label":"5\/2015"},{"value":30,"label":"Linguistics"}],"post_tag":[{"value":99,"label":"case"},{"value":100,"label":"infinitive"},{"value":101,"label":"preposition"},{"value":102,"label":"prepositional group"},{"value":103,"label":"thematic role"}]},"featured_image_src_large":false,"author_info":{"display_name":"Cristina Han\u021b","author_link":"https:\/\/limbaromana.org\/en\/author\/cristina-hant\/"},"comment_info":0,"category_info":[{"term_id":98,"name":"5\/2015","slug":"52015","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":98,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":4,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":98,"category_count":4,"category_description":"","cat_name":"5\/2015","category_nicename":"52015","category_parent":0},{"term_id":30,"name":"Linguistics","slug":"linguistics","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":30,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":13,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":30,"category_count":13,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Linguistics","category_nicename":"linguistics","category_parent":0}],"tag_info":[{"term_id":99,"name":"case","slug":"case","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":99,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":1,"filter":"raw"},{"term_id":100,"name":"infinitive","slug":"infinitive","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":100,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":1,"filter":"raw"},{"term_id":101,"name":"preposition","slug":"preposition","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":101,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":2,"filter":"raw"},{"term_id":102,"name":"prepositional group","slug":"prepositional-group","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":102,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":2,"filter":"raw"},{"term_id":103,"name":"thematic role","slug":"thematic-role","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":103,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":1,"filter":"raw"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/limbaromana.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/705","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/limbaromana.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/limbaromana.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/limbaromana.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/72"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/limbaromana.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=705"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/limbaromana.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/705\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/limbaromana.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=705"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/limbaromana.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=705"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/limbaromana.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=705"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}